52

N. Chari et al.

Table 4.3 Flight parameters of two pentatomid (Heteroptera) insects [1]

Sl. No

Parameters

Notation

Units

Tessaratoma

javanica

Chrysocoris

purpureus

1

Mass

M

gm

0.860

0.170

2

Wing length

l

cm

2.20

1.20

3

Wing breadth

Beff

cm

1.15

0.65

4

Wingspan

L

cm

6.00

3.16

5

Wing area

2A

cm²

5.00

1.60

6

Fineness (l/b) Ratio

–

2.00

2.00

7

Wing loading

WL

g/cm²

0.20

0.11

8

Wingspan loading

M/L² (WSL =

WL/AR)

WSL

g/cm²

0.03

0.018

9

Aspect ratio

AR

–

6.8

6.3

10

Wingbeat frequency

ϑh

cps

50

90

11

Stroke period

1

ϑh ^x1000

T

ms

20–22

10–12

12

Reynolds number

Re

–

4000

1000

13

Disc area

–

cm²

27

8.0

14

Disc loading

–

g/cm²

0.034

0.021

15

Wing swept area

–

cm²

9.5

3

16

Velocity

V

m/s

3.5

0.11

17

Weight of two wings

–

gm

17.33 × 10^–3

2.01 × 10^–3

18

Angular velocity

–

rad/sec

325

700

19

Angular acceleration

–

rad/s²

1.03 × 10⁵

4.5 × 10⁵

20

Angular momentum

–

g cm²/s

–

1.12

21

Moment of inertia

MI

g cm²

0.03

–

Table 4.4 Typical forward

velocity of insects during

flight (*from various authors)

Type of flier

Speed in mph

Locust

20.5

Dragonfly

15.6

Humming bird moth

11.1

Bumblebee

6.4

Honey Bee

5.7

Housefly

4.4